{"id":14643,"date":"2025-01-18T18:03:55","date_gmt":"2025-01-18T17:03:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pechstein.de\/?page_id=14643"},"modified":"2025-01-21T10:18:15","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T09:18:15","slug":"chronologie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pechstein.de\/en\/biographie\/chronologie\/","title":{"rendered":"Chronology"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"14643\" class=\"elementor elementor-14643\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74c2af4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"74c2af4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-030f05f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"030f05f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f66835c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f66835c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pechstein.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/1917_99_Biografie-r0e8avxuzkspyibk3j7ht2ezbmi3kth2gwt47qvj22.jpg\" title=\"1917_99_Biografie\" alt=\"1917_99_Biografie\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-582a9c5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"582a9c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fffa37 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9fffa37\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df8e841 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df8e841\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdad6f8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bdad6f8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ccddee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5ccddee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2ef4c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c2ef4c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pechstein.de\/en\/biographie\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"177\" height=\"33\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pechstein.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/03_Biographie-1.svg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-15006\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20c5461 elementor-nav-menu__align-start elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"20c5461\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;vertical&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot; class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 448 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;}}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Men\u00fc\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-vertical e--pointer-background e--animation-fade\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-20c5461\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14696\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pechstein.de\/en\/biographie\/zeitstrahl\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\">Timeline<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14695\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pechstein.de\/en\/biographie\/chronologie\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\">Chronology<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-20c5461\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14696\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pechstein.de\/en\/biographie\/zeitstrahl\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Timeline<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14695\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pechstein.de\/en\/biographie\/chronologie\/\" class=\"elementor-item menu-link\" tabindex=\"-1\">Chronology<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f4fceb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0f4fceb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df909d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"df909d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chronology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-474225e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"474225e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>1881<br \/>Hermann Max Pechstein is born in Zwickau on 31 December, the son of a master textile finisher. The family of eight lives on the wages of the father, who works in a textile factory.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1888 \u2013 1896<br \/>Attends the B\u00fcrgerschule (municipal school) in Zwickau.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1896 \u2013 1900<br \/>Max Pechstein learns the craft of decorative painting.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1900 -1903<br \/>After passing his journeyman\u2019s examination, he begins studies at the Dresden School of Applied Arts under Wilhelm Kreis (professor of interior art)<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1903 \u2013 1906<br \/>He takes up studies at the Academy of Fine Arts in Dresden, where he becomes a master student of Otto Gu\u00dfmann. Gu\u00dfmann is professor of decorative and monumental painting there and is also of great importance for the rise of the applied arts in Dresden. Pechstein receives his own studio, where he designs stained-glass windows, mosaics and murals. In 1905 he visits an exhibition of works by van Gogh in Dresden. In the ethnological museum he sees carvings from the South Seas. His first woodcut is created<\/p><p><br \/>1906<br \/>Pechstein leaves the Academy with its highest distinction, the Saxon State Prize, also known as the Rome Prize. After meeting Erich Heckel and Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, he joins the artists\u2019 group Br\u00fccke, founded a year earlier, whose members hold numerous joint exhibitions until 1910. His first lithographs and etchings are created.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1907<br \/>Commission for stained-glass windows for the town hall of Eibenstock in the Erzgebirge. In the summer he paints with Kirchner in Goppeln near Dresden. In the autumn he spends three months in Italy as a state prize laureate, visiting Florence, Ravenna and Rome, among other places. He takes part in the first print exhibition of the Deutscher K\u00fcnstlerbund. From December he spends nine months in Paris. There he sees the works of Paul C\u00e9zanne, Paul Gauguin and Henri Matisse, which become important for his further development, and also makes contact with the Fauvists (winning Kees van Dongen as a Br\u00fccke member, for example).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1908<br \/>Participation in the exhibition of the Ind\u00e9pendants. In the autumn he moves to Berlin, where he is represented at the Berlin Secession exhibition with four lithographs and one gouache.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1909<br \/>Again exhibits at the Berlin Secession, where Max Pechstein shows the paintings \u201cGr\u00fcnes Tuch\u201d, \u201cWeiber mit gelbem Tuch\u201d and \u201cM\u00e4rzenschnee\u201d. His first stay in the fishing village of Nidden in what was then East Prussia lasts from June to September.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1910<br \/>Pechstein\u2019s works submitted to the Berlin Secession are rejected under pressure from Max Liebermann, whereupon he founds the New Secession together with other artists rejected by the Berlin Secession. In June he stays with Erich Heckel and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff in Dangast on the Jade Bight. He spends the summer at the Moritzburg ponds together with Erich Heckel and Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. The paintings \u201cIm Wasser\u201d and \u201cAm Seeufer\u201d are created, as are the lithographic series \u201cTanz\u201d and \u201cKarneval\u201d.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1911<br \/>Marries Charlotte Kaprolat. From March to April he undertakes a second journey to Italy. From June to September, his second stay in Nidden. Creation of the woodcut series \u201cBadende\u201d. The founding of an institute for modern instruction in painting (MUIM) together with Kirchner remains without commercial success.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1912<br \/>Murals in the Villa Perls, built by Mies van der Rohe. He takes part in the print exhibition of the Blaue Reiter in Munich and in Herwarth Walden\u2019s Sturm exhibition in Berlin. In the same year he leaves the Br\u00fccke, feeling that the decision to exhibit only jointly is too great a restriction. In the summer he stays in Nidden for the third time. He takes part in the Sonderbund exhibition in Cologne.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1913<br \/>Third journey to Italy, to the fishing village of Monterosso al Mare near La Spezia. He travels to Ghent (commissioned by Walter Gropius) and to Paris. Birth of his first son Frank.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1914<br \/>Pechstein travels with his wife to the South Seas, to the Palau Islands (a former German colony east of the Philippines). He records island life in writing and in numerous drawings, watercolours and carvings. (Most of these works are lost today.) Pechstein and his wife are caught by the outbreak of war and taken into Japanese captivity in Nagasaki.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1915<br \/>Pechstein is released after swearing an oath of neutrality and returns to Germany by a circuitous route, including via New York; he last works as a coal trimmer on a steamer. In Berlin he finds his flat occupied and his studio cleared.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1915\/1916<br \/>Military service on the Western Front (Somme\/Flanders).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1917<br \/>The Palau paintings (Palau landscapes, \u201cDer G\u00f6tze\u201d, \u201cDer ausziehende Vogelf\u00e4nger\u201d) and graphic cycles (\u201cExotische K\u00f6pfe\u201d, \u201cK\u00f6pfe\u201d, \u201cSaml\u00e4ndische Ode\u201d and \u201cItalienische Fischer\u201d) are created. He designs stained-glass windows and mosaics for the showrooms of the Fritz Gurlitt art dealership.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1918<br \/>Pechstein is a co-founder of the Novembergruppe and the socialist association Arbeitsrat f\u00fcr Kunst (Workers\u2019 Council for Art) in Berlin. The appeal \u201cAn alle K\u00fcnstler\u201d (To All Artists) is published with his involvement.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1919<br \/>Fourth stay in Nidden. Several pictures of the fishermen\u2019s houses there are created, as well as \u201cUnterhaltung\u201d and \u201cH\u00e4ngematte I\u201d. He lithographs the 50 travel pictures \u201cItalien\u2013S\u00fcdsee\u201d and carves wooden figures influenced by primitive sculpture.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1920<br \/>Fifth stay in Nidden. The series of paintings \u201cFischerleben\u201d is created.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1921<br \/>He creates the woodcut series \u201cFischerk\u00f6pfe\u201d and \u201cVater Unser\u201d.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1921 1945<br \/>Summer stays in Leba (1927\u20131932 in Rowe).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1922<br \/>Journey to Montreux to visit his patron Dr Minnich. He becomes a member of the Prussian Academy of Arts in Berlin and receives a nominal professorship.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1923<br \/>Separation from his first wife and marriage to Marta M\u00f6ller. Etchings for Willy Seidel\u2019s \u201cYali und sein wei\u00dfes Weib\u201d. Break with Wolfgang Gurlitt, ending an essential source of financial security.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1924 1925<br \/>Stays in Monterosso al Mare, on Bornholm and in Switzerland.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1926<br \/>Birth of his second son Max. He takes up the theme of mother and child again. Commissioned by the German government, he creates stained-glass windows for the International Labour Office in Geneva.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1927<br \/>Garden Club Prize from the Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh\/USA for the painting \u201cCalla\u201d.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1928<br \/>He is awarded the Prussian State Prize for the painting \u201cNordweststurm\u201d, exhibited at the Berlin Secession, and elected to the exhibition commission of the Academy of Arts.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1930<br \/>Honorary diplomas from Milan and Bordeaux, medal of honour from Vienna.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1931<br \/>Journey to the south of France. State prize of the German government.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1933<br \/>The National Socialist regime attempts to remove Pechstein from the exhibition commission of the Academy of Arts as a \u2018degenerate\u2019 artist.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1934<br \/>Investigations into his involvement in the Novembergruppe. No more sales success in Germany.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1937<br \/>Expulsion from the Academy of Arts, and confiscation of 326 works from German museums. The exhibition \u201cEntartete Kunst\u201d (Degenerate Art) shows 6 paintings, 4 watercolours and 6 prints by him.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1939<br \/>Sixth and last summer stay in Nidden.<\/p><p>1943<br \/>Service in the Volkssturm until his release.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1944<br \/>After a bombing raid, the print collection of Wolfgang Gurlitt, containing numerous works by Pechstein, is destroyed by fire.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1945<br \/>Labour service in Pomerania together with his wife. He experiences the end of the war in Leba. For a short time he is taken into Russian captivity. His Berlin flat and studio, along with most of his works, are destroyed by fire. He returns to Berlin, where he is appointed to a teaching post at the Berlin University of Fine Arts.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1946\/1947<br \/>He writes his memoirs, which are not published until 1960. Honorary citizenship of his native city of Zwickau, which also endows a Max Pechstein Prize for painting.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1949<br \/>Summer stay in \u00dcckeritz on Usedom. Renewed contact with Schmidt-Rottluff.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1951<br \/>On the occasion of his 70th birthday, Pechstein is appointed honorary senator of the Berlin University of Fine Arts.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1952<br \/>Grand Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. Summer stay in Strande on the Bay of Kiel.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1953<br \/>Summer stay on Amrum.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1954<br \/>Art prize of the Senate of the City of Berlin.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>1955<br \/>Max Pechstein dies in Berlin on 29 June.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1b7d6f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b1b7d6f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chronologie 1881Hermann Max Pechstein wird am 31. Dezember in Zwickau als Sohn eines Appreturmeisters geboren. Die achtk\u00f6pfige Familie lebt vom Lohn des in einer Textilfabrik t\u00e4tigen Vaters. \u00a0 1888 \u2013 1896Besuch der B\u00fcrgerschule in Zwickau. \u00a0 1896 \u2013 1900Max Pechstein lernt das Handwerk des Dekorationsmalers. \u00a0 1900 -1903Nach Abschlu\u00df der Gesellenpr\u00fcfung beginnt er ein Studium [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":15031,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14643","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pechstein.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14643","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pechstein.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pechstein.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pechstein.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pechstein.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14643"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/www.pechstein.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14643\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15216,"href":"https:\/\/www.pechstein.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14643\/revisions\/15216"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pechstein.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15031"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pechstein.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14643"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}